Read it if you are thirsty for knowledge and want to see how the population is being fooled by spreading obvious stupidity – “epidemics” of viruses, “cooling” of the climate, which turns into refugees, wars. They want to remake the world. Maybe there is no other way. No one takes into account the interests of the population – they came up with technologies and robots – they “facilitated” labor, thereby declaring that labor would not be needed. Without this, without movement, humanity as a whole is doomed. Maybe there’s no point in feeling sorry for people. But who leads them – who sets their behavior? – the governments that are above them.
A sad future awaits
humanity – according to all the information I have collected from various
sources of famous authors, and all of them are world-famous scientists. But no
one talks about this, about the future – there is no point in reacting to news
in the media, they are all lies.
I will quote a
short chapter “Paleolithic” from the scientific work of Georgy Vladimirovich
Vernadsky and Mikhail Mikhailovich Karpovich “Ancient Rus'” on the topic of
human development in the territory of the former Russian Empire.
G.V. Vernadsky is
an outstanding scientist, world-famous historian from the USA, a native of
Crimea, who emigrated abroad after the revolution of 1917 and the coming to
power of the soviets, which in reality are estates – gangs of boyars and
merchants who have ruled in Russia from time immemorial.
It’s difficult to
look without maps, especially for those who have not encountered the geography
of Russia, but please do it yourself – it helps to understand the history.
The first
excavations to identify settlement sites of Paleolithic man in Russia and
Ukraine began in the 1870s. In 1873, a settlement was opened in the village of
Khontsy (Gontsy) on the Uday River (Poltava Governorate). Four years later,
Count Uvarov explored a site in the Karacharovsky ravine, which descends to the
Oka. These two expeditions gave a good start to the study of the remains of
Paleolithic culture in Russia, and during the period between 1877 and 1917 мany
sites were excavated. As we have already noted, a more systematic study of this
problem began in 1917. New discoveries are now made almost every year, and soon
the picture will be even clearer.
Archaeological science itself
developed, especially in its early stages, on the material of European finds –
those that were made in France, Germany and Scandinavia. It was on the basis of
this material that a classification of things belonging to the Stone Age
culture was given, as well as a chronology of the stages of culture. To what extent
such a classification and chronology can be applied to Eurasian material is a
problem that has not yet been sufficiently addressed. Even using traditional
terminology, we must keep in mind that it cannot be completely acceptable to
the archeology of Eurasia.
In the study of Paleolithic
culture, much depends on the results of geological research. The chronology and
classification of the layer proposed by geologists are also uncertain, but
still, in general, geological data are more reliable than archaeological ones.
Geological science was built on a broader geographical basis, since research in
this area had long been carried out internationally. In Eurasia, too, geological
research began long before archaeological research. Stone Age sites that have
so far been discovered on the territory of both Cysural (European) Russia and
Siberia can be attributed to the Quaternary period: namely, to the middle and
upper layer of the Pleistocene. From the point of view of a historian, this is
extreme antiquity, since it should be measured in millennia or even tens of
millennia.
The geographical situation in that
distant era was completely different than in our time. At the beginning of the
Quaternary period, most of Western Eurasia was covered with ice. Geologists
identify a sequence of three or four glaciations, separated by intermediate
periods during which the glacier retreated.
During
each ice age, a giant glacier stretched from Scandinavia to the south and
southeast, covering the entirety of Northern and Central Russia. During the most widespread
distribution of the glacier, its southern edge reached a line that can be drawn
from the Carpathians to Kyiv on the Dnieper and from there to Orel; from Orel
it went in a bend to Voronezh and up east to the Volga, then up the Volga to
the mouth of the Kama and further through the northern part of the Ural
Mountains to the source of the Ob in Siberia. The Southern Urals region was
covered with water at that time. The huge South Ural Lake was connected to two
other lakes, which later formed the Caspian and Aral seas.
Even after the glacier eventually
began to retreat north around 4000 BC, its traces remained visible throughout
the country for a long time. A huge lake
appeared in the northwestern part of Russia, small remnants of which are Lakes
Ladoga and Onega. In the south, in the process of gradual retreat of the
glacier and melting of the glacial edge, mud flows were formed, merging into
the Black Sea, which at that time stretched
north beyond the boundaries of its modern shores to the steppe strip. It was from these streams that the Dnieper,
Don, Volga and other rivers emerged. It was during the post-glacial period
that the main subsoils of Central and Southern Russia and Ukraine, known as
loess, were formed; something like granulated alumina, light gray in color.
Loess appeared only gradually from under the ice cover. As the glacier retreated, it
left behind what are now known as moraines, consisting of polished stones and
granite boulders, at its borders. Perhaps the climate of the areas recently
freed from ice was cold, like the climate of the present subpolar regions. Such
natural conditions were favorable for the spread of mammoths, and it is obvious
that this animal was found throughout Western Eurasia in the post-glacial
period. Gradually the climate became milder, but there were intervals when the
glacier grew again and the cold wave moved south. It is widely accepted that
during the so-called Madelenian period (named after the Stone Age site at
Madeleine, Dordogne, France) it became colder again. When the weather warmed
again, the southern plains were covered with abundant vegetation, and gradually
a top layer of humus formed over the loess;
During the Ice Age,
man could only live in the south. Man of the Middle Paleolithic, the so-called
Mousterian period (from the Stone Age settlements in Le Moustier, Dordogne,
France), was still at a low level of cultural development. He was, however, capable of starting a fire. He lived
mainly in caves or under the edges of rocks pushed forward. Hunting was his
main source of livelihood, bringing him both food and clothing. His main tool
was the hand ax (coup-de-poing), a piece of flint with one end pointed and the
other rounded or left blunt. It could serve as a cleaver or an axe. This tool
did not have a handle and had to be held in a clenched fist. For hunting, a
wooden pike was used, the end of which was sharpened in the fire. With the help
of these tools, a person could kill wild bulls, horses, deer, as well as
predators, even a cave lion and a bear. This was perhaps the period of
primitive communism. The average hunting
party or horde could consist of two dozen people.
Many Stone Age sites discovered in
Russia belong to the Middle Paleolithic period. These
are some of the caves in Crimea, such as the Wolf Grotto, Kiik-Koba,
Shaitan-Koba; the Yeiskaya site in the Kuban and the site on the banks of the Derkul
River, where it flows into the Donets. During excavations at these sites, flint
tools, bones of animals killed by humans, and sometimes parts of human
skeletons were found. Judging by the finds in Kiik-Koba, the people who lived in
the Crimean caves of that time belonged to the Neanderthal type.
From the culture of
the Middle Paleolithic period, we now turn to the upper one, known in Western
archeology as the Aurignac-Solutrean culture (From the site discovered in the
Aurignac cave, Haute-Garonne, and the Solutre cave, Saône-et-Loire, both in France).
The settlements of this era were obviously more permanent than in the previous
period. Dwellings were dug into the ground; the walls were lined with logs or
stones; the roof may have been made of willow. Tools and weapons are characterized
by sharp flint plates on a short handle and a spear with a flint tip. The flint
chisel was also an important tool. Other working tools and tools were made from
bones and deer antlers. The horn was sometimes decorated with drawings, figures
of deer or other animals. Figurines of women were made from mammoth tusks. As
in the previous period, hunting was the main occupation of man.
Among the Stone Age
sites in Western Eurasia, belonging to the Upper Paleolithic layer of the
Aurignacian and Solutrean types, the following can be mentioned: Suren Cave in Crimea; Borshchevo, Gagarino
and Kostenki in the Don basin; Mezino in the Dnieper region. The Paleolithic
settlement of Malta (Malta is one of many Stone Age sites in Central Siberia,
which are located in places of flooding after the completion of the power dams
on the Angara due to the electrification of the area), in the area of Irkutsk
in Siberia (on the Belaya River, a tributary of the Angara) reveals similar
culture.
At the end of this
period the climate changed from mild to cold. During the next period of Madelenian
culture, both vegetation and animal life
had to adapt to the cold wave. This was the era of the deer. Human habits
have accordingly undergone profound changes. Deer hunting and fishing were the
main sources of human subsistence at this time. The usual devices for fishing
were dams and streams with a stone barrier during the spawning season. Large
fish among those rushing through the dam were caught with a harpoon. In their
search for game and fish, the people of those times may have led a nomadic
life, following the migration of deer. Temporary housing was used in the intervals
between migrations. During the winter, dugouts served as shelter. In summer,
external shelters were built to protect the hearth from rain. Platforms with
the remains of hearths were discovered, for example, at the Kirillovo and
Borshchevo sites. At some sites, pits with animal bones and various refuse were
excavated (Karacharovo and Kostenki sites). Flint was used less frequently
during this period than before; bone, deer antler and mammoth ivory were now
the predominant materials from which utensils were made. A spear with a neatly
sharpened bone tip was a standard hunting tool. There was greater variety in
utensils and ornamented items. Some of the art items clearly had religious meaning.
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